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Truth-o-meter

For my final post, the truth-o-meter, I decided to expand on fact check four. In fact check four, I examined the claim that listening to the band, My Chemical Romance, is good for people’s health.

As I mentioned in my previous post, I decided that since I am a big fan of My Chemical Romance, I would do a quick search to find out if there were any studies that incorporated the group. To begin, I typed “My Chemical Romance studies” into DuckDuckGo. The first result was an MTV.com article, which  argued that listening to My Chemical Romance is good for your health. The article, which was posted on the site in June of 2015 by Deepa Lakshmin, a writer, editor, and social media strategist who admitted that she never grew out of her emo phase, argued that listening to heavy metal and screamo music helps people to process anger, and that “this type of music regulated sadness and enhanced positive emotions.” Furthermore, it explained that “when experiencing anger, extreme music fans liked to listen to music that could match their anger.” In turn, the music allowed listeners to explore the emotions they were feeling, but also left them “feeling more active and inspired.”

As someone who went through a very cringeworthy emo (read: angry) phase in middle school, I was immediately intrigued by this claim. I remember feeling so happy and understood when I listened to the band during that time in my life, and I definitely wanted to find out more about the science behind that feeling. Still, I was skeptical of whether or not there was any reputable scientific research behind this claim, but after finding a link to a study in a scientific research journal in the article, I decided I would investigate whether it was credible.

To begin, I went upstream and found that in 2015 the Frontiers in Human Neuroscience journal posted the study, “Extreme Metal Music and Anger Processing,” which spurred the MTV.com post about how listening to My Chemical Romance is good DuckDuckGo and typed “music therapy” into the search bar. From there, I clicked on the Wikipedia page for the topic in hopes of gathering a bit of background information about the field of music therapy. From the page, I was able to find out that music therapy is” an evidence-based clinical use of musical interventions to improve clients’ quality of life. Musical therapists use music…to help clients improve their health in cognitive, motor, emotional, communicative, social, sensory, and educational domains by using both active and receptive music experiences.” I also found out that receptive music therapy actually involves listening to recorded or live music that is selected by a therapist. This has been found to “improve mood, decrease stress, decrease pain, enhance relaxation, and decrease anxiety.”

Once I found out tis information, it began to seem less of a far-fetched that My Chemical Romance could help people process their anger. Additionally, this showed that there has been a lot of research done about how music can help people and served as a great starting point for my research into the credibility of this article’s claims.

Then, in an attempt to gather information about the journal’s reputation, I went to DuckDuckGo and typed in “frontiers in human neuroscience reputation -site:frontiersin.” From there, I clicked on the Frontiers In Wikipedia page, which described the journal as an “academic publisher of a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal, which is currently active in science, technology, and medicine.” The article continued on to say that it was founded in 2007 by a group of neuroscientists, and is based in Switzerland, with other offices in London, Madrid, Seattle, and Brussels. The Wikipedia page also stated that the journal participated in predatory publishing acts, which is detrimental to its credibility. However, the journal is still an active member of the Committee on Publication Ethics and the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association. I decided to look more into the predatory publishing acts, since that is an important factor of the trustworthiness of the journal. I typed “frontiers in human neuroscience predatory -sites:frontiersin” into the search bar on DuckDuckGo, and I found a WordPress site called the Clinical Librarian. The site contained an article with all of the predatory publishers on the infamous Beall’s List. It warned that those who consult, cite, or submit work to these publications should do research first and come to their own decision of whether it is a reliable source.

At this point I was becoming suspicious of this publication, so I decided to investigate the credibility of the authors of the journal article, Leah Sharman and Genevieve Dingle. When I typed their names into the search bar, the first result that I found was a page of their journal articles, conference papers, research reports, and theses from the School of Psychology at the University of Queensland in Australia. These findings demonstrated that both authors have an academic background in both Psychology and research, which contributes to their overall credibility. When I began to look further into what prior research the authors had conducted, I found that Sharman’s thesis was titled “Frustration Sublimation: An Investigation Into Anger Processing Among Extreme Music Listeners.” The two also conducted a research study focusing on reward sensitivity and music involvement, which I found to be pertinent as well. Furthermore, when I researched both names on Google Scholar, their article about extreme metal music and anger processing was the first search result that appeared. 

I then began to investigate what Frontiers In’s most recent impact factor score was. To find this information, I went to the Rowan University Database Library and located the InCites Journal Citation Reports. From there, I typed “Frontiers In Human Neuroscience” into the search bar, and was able to find out that the journal was given an impact factor of 2.870 out to 10+ in 2018. I also discovered that it had a median article citation of 2 and a median review citation of 4.

Ultimately, I was unable to completely deduce whether or not Frontiers In is a reputable scientific journal. Sharman and Dingle have both published numerous research studies through a respectable university and have a good reputation in the research world. Still, the journal itself has been accused of being a predatory publisher and has a very low impact score. Additionally, the study did not exactly match the MTV.com article in the sense that it was not specifically conducted to determine why listening My Chemical Romance is good for people’s health, although it did focus on metal music, which the band could be grouped in with.

Based off of all these issues, I came to the conclusion that the study is probably true. Despite the fact that the journal has been accused of being a predatory publication in the past, it remains a member of both COPE and OASPA, whose goals are to define the best practice in the ethics of scholarly publishing, which leads me to believe that the accusation may have been premature. Additionally, Sharman and Dingle are respected members of the research community, which bolsters their article’s credibility. This helped me to decide that while the reputation of the journal itself has been called into question in the past, the authors and their previous work remain credible, and bolster my belief in integrity of the article.

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Fact Check #4

For my fact check using move four, I decided that since I am an avid My Chemical Romance fan, I would see if there were any studies that incorporated the group. To begin, I typed “My Chemical Romance studies” into DuckDuckGo. The first result was an MTV.com article, which claimed that listening to My Chemical Romance is good for your health. The article said that listening to heavy metal and screamo music helps people to process anger, and that “this type of music regulated sadness and enhanced positive emotions.” I was skeptical of whether or not there was any scientifically proven research behind this claim, but after finding a link to a scientific study in the article, I decided I would investigate whether it was reputable.

To begin, I found that in 2015 the Frontiers in Human Neuroscience journal posted the study, “Extreme Metal Music and Anger Processing,” which spurred the MTV.com post about how listening to My Chemical Romance is good for your health. In an attempt to gather information about the journal’s reputation, I went to DuckDuckGo and typed in “frontiers in human neuroscience reputation -site:frontiersin.” From there, I clicked on the Frontiers In Wikipedia page, which described the journal as an “academic publisher of a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal, which is currently active in science, technology, and medicine.” The article continued on to say that it was founded in 2007 by a group of neuroscientists, and is based in Switzerland, with other offices in London, Madrid, Seattle, and Brussels.

The Wikipedia page also stated that the journal participated in predatory publishing acts, which is detrimental to its credibility. However, the journal is still an active member of the Committee on Publication Ethics and the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association.

From there, I decided to investigate the credibility of the authors of the journal article, Leah Sharman and Genevieve Dingle. When I typed their names into the search bar, the first result that I found was a page of their journal articles, conference papers, research reports, and theses from the School of Psychology at the University of Queensland in Australia. These findings demonstrate that both authors have an academic background in both Psychology and research, which contributes to their overall credibility. When I began to look further into what prior research the authors had conducted, I found that Sharman’s thesis was titled “Frustration Sublimation: An Investigation Into Anger Processing Among Extreme Music Listeners.” The two also conducted a research study focusing on reward sensitivity and music involvement, which I found to be pertinent as well. Furthermore, when I researched both names on Google Scholar, their article about extreme metal music and anger processing was the first search result that appeared.

I then began to investigate what Frontiers In’s most recent impact factor score was. To find this information, I went to the Rowan University Database Library and located the InCites Journal Citation Reports. From there, I typed “Frontiers In Human Neuroscience” into the search bar, and was able to find out that the journal was given an impact factor of 2.870 out to 10+ in 2018. I also discovered that it had a median article citation of 2 and a median review citation of 4.

Ultimately, I was able to deduce that Frontiers In is a reputable scientific journal, and that the study in question was conducted by two people who have published other research studies through a respectable university. While the study did not exactly match the MTV.com article in the sense that it was not specifically conducted to determine why listening My Chemical Romance is good for people’s health, it did focus on metal music, which the band could be grouped in with.

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Fact Check #3

For this fact check, I decided to investigate TheFederalist.com. To begin, I went to DuckDuckGo.com and typed “TheFederalist.com -site:TheFederalist.com” into the search bar. I found a Wikipedia article discussing The Federalist’s aims, and have listed its description below.

The Federalist is an American conservative online magazine and podcast that covers politics, policy, culture, and religion, and publishes a newsletter.

Wikipedia.com

From there, I went to Muckrack.com, which also listed a description of The Federalist.

The Federalist is an English-language online magazine that covers politics, policy, culture, and religion. It was co-founded by Ben Domenech and Sean Davis…According to Domenech, the site has ‘a viewpoint that rejects the assumptions of the media establishment’ and says it is dedicated to discussing ‘the philosophical underpinnings of the day’s debate’ instead of focusing on what he calls ‘the horserace or the personalities.’

Muckrack.com

Since I was having trouble finding independent articles about The Federalist, I went back to Wikipedia and decided to look through the cited articles. I found one that was posted on TheWeek.com, which was titled “The Irredeemable Irresponsibility of The Federalist.”

“Some day, when the Trump administration is over and the true extent of its corruption has become part of the public record, the right-wing website The Federalist and it’s leading promoters and writers (especially Sean Davis and Mollie Hemingway) will receive proper recognition for the significant and distinctive contribution they made to polluting the waters of American public life.”

TheWeek.com

As one can see, this article regards The Federalist as an extremely biased and destructive journalistic force in America’s current political sphere. Further along in the article, The Week also accused the site of being a “leading disseminator of pro-Trump conspiracies.” After finding consensus among the three sites, I decided to go to AllSides and look up The Federalist’s media bias.

All three sources, as well as AllSides concurred that The Federalist does have a right-wing bias. The Wikipedia article points out that the online publication was embroiled in a scandal in November 2017, when it allowed a contributor, Tully Borland, to publish an opinion piece that largely rationalized and defended Roy Moore for dating teenagers while in his 30s. When the article was criticized by both liberals and conservatives alike, the website’s creator, Ben Domenech, defended the publishing of the associate professor of philosophy at Ouachita Baptist University’s op-ed by saying that the magazine remains committed to offering alternative views.

From this, one can gather that the magazine does not take kindly to being criticized, and rather than correcting their mistakes and apologizing, they tend to dig their heels in and advocate for their stance. Another instance of this occurred with the “black crime” tag controversy, in which the publication had a “black crime” tag that linked all articles discussing crimes committed by African-Americans together on the page. Dan McLaughlin, who now writes for the National Review, called the occurrence of this unfortunate, and justified it by saying he’d never noticed the tag while writing for the publication.

None of the sites I viewed explicitly commented on whether The Federalist requires writers to be experts in their field, but through exploring the Wikipedia page I was able to find out that two contributors, Tully Borland and Dan McLaughlin, are both college educated professionals. Borland is an associate professor and McLaughlin is an attorney, meaning that many readers would view them as qualified to discuss politics on the site.

In regards to incentive for getting things right in their publications, I would venture to say that The Federalist is not concerned with doing so. The site prides itself on offering alternative views, which could easily be translated to the site being okay with offering fake news to viewers because their readers are willing and eager to accept it. From what I’ve gathered from Wikipedia, the site doesn’t apologize when it makes mistakes, yet seems to retain its reader base.

I do agree with the community feedback rating on AllSides.com. After going to TheFederalist.com and seeing articles titled “The Tragedy of Greta Thunberg,” “Like Russian Collusion, Ukraine Hysteria Is Pure Projection By Media and Democrats,” and “LGBT Activists Drag Ben Carson For His Concern About Trans Men In Women’s Shelter,” it is clear that the site holds staunchly right-wing views and is unable to operate without bias.

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Fact Check #2

For my second fact check, I decided to investigate the portion of the above tweet that claimed that 17,000 aborted fetuses were found in a storage container in 1982. I was interested in fact checking this claim because Live Action is one of the most biased and staunchly anti-abortion groups in the United States. I was curious to see if this claim was true, an exaggeration, or completely made up.

To begin my search, I typed “17,000 aborted babies found in storage container in 1982 politifact” into DuckDuckGo’s search bar. No Politifact.com articles came up, and most of my search results were extremely right-wing sites, which I chose to avoid to begin with. However, there was a Wikipedia article, which I clicked on.

I’ve included Wikipedia’s summary of the incident below.

The Los Angeles fetus disposal scandal was the 1982 discovery of over 16,000 aborted fetuses being improperly stored at Malvin Weisberg’s Woodland Hills, California, home and the ensuing legal battle regarding their disposal. It was called a “national tragedy” by the then-president Ronald Reagan and inspired a song by pop singer Pat Boone, with the fetuses finally buried in 1985. No criminal charges were filed against any of the parties involved. Weisberg had stored the specimens properly but had not disposed of them due to financial difficulties.

Wikipedia.com

When I read further into the article, I found that there were in fact nearly 16,500 aborted fetuses stored in formaldehyde found in a storage container outside of Malvin Weisberg’s home. Wikipedia also confirmed that 193 fetuses were indeed over 20 weeks old.

Although I was fairly confident that Wikipedia was correct, I decided to look into a LA Times article about the incident. Since it’s known to be a reputable source for breaking news, as well as the fact that it would have likely been the paper that broke the news at the time, I figured they would be able to confirm or deny the story. I found this LA Times article after typing “17,000 aborted fetuses lattimes” into the DuckDuckGo search bar. The article reported that Weisberg was a scientist who had owed a pathology lab, and the 16,500 aborted fetuses were found in a storage container outside of his home. From this article, which was written as the situation was occurring, I was able to fully confirm that the situation that Live Action tweeted had actually occurred.

Posted in Fact Check, Fake News, Golf, President, Twitter, Uncategorized

Fact Check #1

On February 14th, 2019 Mark Simone sent out the above tweet, claiming that that the Fake News media attacked Donald Trump for installing a $50,000 golf simulator in the White House.

What he said.

The rightward-leaning radio and television host continued on to say that the Fake News media would be surprised to find out that Barack Obama was actually the one to install the simulator, while Donald Trump only made upgrades to it. Simone also made sure to clarify that Donald Trump paid for all of the upgrades out of his own pocket.

Didn’t you miss seeing Paul Ryan make this face?

Based off of the rest of Simone’s Twitter feed, which I’ve linked here, it is clear that this tweet was produced and shared to incite right-wingers to further vilify Barack Obama, the Fake News media, and leftward-leaning individuals.

My first move when attempting to find out the real story of who installed and paid for the now infamous $50,000 golf simulator was to go to DuckDuckGo and type “Obama golf simulator sites:Snopes.com” the search bar. This Snopes.com link came up, so I clicked on it found found that they had reported that they had reached out to all of the leading golf simulator companies, all of who denied having sold golf simulators to either Barack Obama or Donald Trump. Snopes.com also consulted USASpending.com, and found that while several Congressional districts have contracts for golf simulator systems, there were no records of any golf simulators being purchased by or for the White House between 2018 and 2019.

Is this biased? Yes. Could I stop myself? Nope.

However, Snopes.com cautioned that this could be because Trump paid for the simulator out of pocket or because the records from the first and second quarters of the fiscal year 2019 have not yet been published. Upon further investigation, Snopes.com also found that there was no record of a golf simulator being purchased by any office or agency related to the White House between 2008 and 2016. Once again, the site reminded readers that this could either indicate that the simulator had never been purchased or that Barack Obama had paid for the simulator out of pocket.


Obama, I miss you.

Because nothing could be fully determined, Snopes.com gave the issue a rating of unproven. Based off of this, I was able to determine that if any golf simulators were purchased between 2008 and the present, they’re paid for out of pocket by the sitting president at the time, not by any government office or agency. I was able to confirm this because there was no evidence of the contrary, whether it be through government records, confirmation by the White House, or comments from the leading golf simulator companies.